请问谁有英文著名诗人托马斯．格雷的生平的详细介绍．急用．

1716—1771

托马斯·格雷（Thomas Gray）出于伦敦一经纪人家庭，年青时曾在伊顿公学和剑桥大学求学，并随友人游历欧洲大陆。后半生隐居于剑桥大学，担任历史和语言教授，但从未讲学，也少有著述，只潜心读书，致力于充实自己的学识。格雷一生淡泊名利，曾谢绝桂冠诗人的称号。除诗歌外，他的书信也被视为英国散文中的精品。

格雷一生作诗不多，仅十余首诗传世。其中以《墓园挽歌》最为著名，发表后曾引来诸多仿作，一时形成所谓“墓园诗派”。该诗用8年时间写成，最初的写作动机是哀悼他伊顿公学读书时的好友理查德·韦斯特，至少诗末所附的“墓志铭”是为他而作。但纵观全诗，其内容明显超越了对某个具体人物的哀思，而是通过对乡村一处寂静的墓地的描写，表达对默默无闻的农民的同情，惋惜他们没有机会施展天赋，同时也流露出对大人物傲慢奢侈生活的谴责。这种热爱自然、同情人民、蔑视权贵的思想和弥漫于全诗的感伤情调，使《墓园挽歌》成为18世纪后期感伤主义诗歌的典范之作和此后兴起的浪漫主义的精神。诗的语言精致典雅、结构严谨完整，隔行押韵的四行诗体也运用得节奏整齐、韵脚严格，表现出一个学者型诗人的书卷气。

另外值得一提的是，格雷曾经十分醉心于古代北欧人的朴素而浪漫的原始诗歌，翻译过他们的史诗《命运女神姐妹》和《奥丁的降生》等，开了英国浪漫派对北欧文学感兴趣的风气。

ELERGY WRITTEN IN A COUNTRY CHURCHYARD

The curfew tolls the knell of parting day;

The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea;

The ploughman homeward plods his weary way,

And leaves the world to darkness and to me.

墓园挽歌

白昼将残尽，晚钟促落晖。

黄犊鸣草原，逶迤缓缓归。

田夫荷锄走，赴家意沉昏。

玄冥盈天地，孤影立乾坤。

Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight,

And all the air a solemn stillness holds,

Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight,

And drowsy tinklings lull the distant folds;

夕曛逐黯淡，晚景渐暝灭。

万化皆偃息，阴肃笼四野。

唯见虫旋舞，但闻语切切。

牧铃声思睡，催羊入圈歇。

Save that, from yonder ivy-mantled tower,

The moping owl does to the moon complain

Of such as, wandering near her secret bower,

Molest her ancient solitary reign.

薜荔摇青气，蒙络罩尖顶。

栖栖枝上枭，磔磔怨蟾光：

窥我私巢久，徘徊未离休。

古已长居此，何事扰清幽。

Beneath those rugged elms, that yew-tree's shade

Where heaves the turf in many a mouldering heap,

Each in his narrow cell for ever laid,

The rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep.

峥嵘耸青榆，蔼蔼立紫杉。

翳下多荒坟，隆冒蒿草间。

隘隘见方穴，寂寂长眠人。

欲问谁偃卧，野夫与村氓。

The breezy call of incense-breathing morn,

The swallow twittering from the straw-built shed,

The cock's shrill clarion, or the echoing horn,

No more shall rouse them from their lowly bed.

侵晓花香郁，翦翦风轻唤。

茅庐草堂下，家燕语呢喃。

司晨雄鸡啼，行猎号角鸣。

陋塌一已卧，万声莫能醒。

For them no more the blazing hearth shall burn,

Or busy housewife ply her evening care;

No children run to lisp their sire's return,

Or climb his knees the envied kiss to share.

炉膛火烁烁，主妇忙夜活。

烧饭兼添火，此景已不复。

娇儿尚学语，哑哑迎父归。

爬膝争宠爱，斯景亦难追。

Oft did the harvest to their sickle yield;

Their furrow oft the stubborn glebe has broke;

How jocund did they drive their team afield!

How bowed the woods beneath their sturdy stroke!

昔往镰刀利，行处皆披靡。

瘠土硗薄地，犁沟亦能理。

驱驾于南亩，耦耕欢时务。

千斤挥巨斧，群林纷鞠伏。

Let not ambition mock their useful toil,

Their homely joys, and destiny obscure;

Nor grandeur hear with a disdainful smile

The short and simple annals of the poor.

妄者莫嘲讽，劳碌终有功。

微贱无须叹，家乐可颂扬。

蓬户家史短，简略不足耀。

权贵或有闻，无为相讥诮。

The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,

And all that beauty, all that wealth e'er gave,

Awaits alike the inevitable hour:

The paths of glory lead but to the grave.

炫炫之豪族，煌煌之王侯，

美貌所招徕，财货所添购，

最终皆难免，灰飞烟灭时。

荣华何足道，百年归丘垄。